Page Faults

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when page is not present
hardware records the address and raises a page fault
operating system will
- pick an empty frame or a page to evict
- write back if dirty
- load the page and update the page table
- restart the instruction
- make sure page table and translation look-aside buffers are updated
when evicting...
- write back any changes
- invalidate ( $V=0$ )
if TLB is modified, apply that to page table
- invalidate the translation
Similarly, we have LRU, FIFO, Random approach like Cache Evictions
- use pseudo-LRU algorithm

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Translation Look-aside Buffers	Virtual Memory	Cache	Possible?
Hit	Hit	Hit	Possible. Best Case!
Hit	Hit	Miss	Possible. TLB Hits. VM Hit is implied. Cache Miss.
Miss	Hit	Hit	TLB Misses, then hits in page table, then cache hits.
Miss	Hit	Miss	TLB Misses, then hits in page table, then cache misses.
Miss	Miss	Miss	TLB Misses, then page fault, then cache misses.
Hit	Miss	Miss	Impossible. Cannot hit in TLB if page is not present.
Hit	Miss	Hit	Impossible. Cannot hit in TLB if page is not present.
Miss	Miss	Hit	Impossible. Data cannot be in cache if the page is not present.