dnodal is the sum of:
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dprocessing is the time checking for bit errors. Typically finishes in milliseconds.
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dqueueing delay is the time waiting in the memory if the router is busy transmitting something else.
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dtransmission delay=bandwidthpacket size
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dpropagation delay=ccable length is the physical constraint of propagation. c is the speed of connection, usually the speed of light.
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Propagation Delay