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Cheating Knight

Time limit1sMemory limit256 MB

Summary
A knight whose jumps of fixed length may land on any point of the plane must reach a target square in the fewest jumps.
Level

Medium5 of 10

Topics
Geometry, Math
Solved
No attempts yet

Problem

The land of the Black King is an infinitely wide flat surface, split without gaps into black and white squares like an endless chessboard. Every square has an area of exactly one square metre, and the squares sit on a perfect grid.

Sir Jumpsalot is a knight who lives in that land. The law says a knight may move only by jumping from the centre of one square to the centre of another, and the distance between those two centres must be exactly D\sqrt{D} metres. In chess the value of DD is fixed at 5, but other values appear here as well. The DD written into the law can be expressed as a sum of two squares, because a knight could not move at all otherwise.

Sir Jumpsalot does not like to play by the rules. He still covers exactly D\sqrt{D} metres in one jump, but he ignores the part about landing on the centre of a square. He lands on a corner of a square, or on the border between two squares, or on any other point of the plane, whichever suits him. The two pictures below show routes to a destination two squares across and three squares up, with D=5D = 5.

a) Route for any normal, law abiding knight.

b) Route for the cheating Sir Jumpsalot.

Sir Jumpsalot starts at the centre of the square with coordinates (0,0)(0, 0) and has to reach the centre of the square with coordinates (X,Y)(X, Y). Nothing blocks his way. Find the minimum number of jumps he needs.

Input

The first line contains the number of test cases TT. (1≤T≤10001 \le T \le 1000)

Each of the next TT lines contains three space separated integers DD, XX and YY, where DD is the square of the distance covered by a single jump and (X,Y)(X, Y) is the destination square. (1≤D≤1081 \le D \le 10^8, −104≤X,Y≤104-10^4 \le X, Y \le 10^4) The value DD can always be written as a sum of two squares.

Output

For each test case, print the minimum number of jumps JJ on a line of its own.

Examples1

  1. Example 1

    Input
    5
    5 0 0
    5 2 3
    25 -3 -4
    100 0 -100
    1 2345 6789
    
    Expected output
    0
    2
    1
    10
    7183