XORXORXOR

XOR the value B into A exactly C times and print the result.

Easy2Bit manipulationMathInterviewNo attempts yetTime limit0.2sMemory limit512 MB

Description

Examples2

Problem

You are given three integers $A$ , $B$ , and $C$ . Start from $A$ and repeat the operation "XOR the current value with $B$ " exactly $C$ times.

In other words, print the value of $(\cdots((A \oplus B) \oplus B) \cdots) \oplus B$ , where $\oplus B$ appears $C$ times. Here $\oplus$ is the bitwise exclusive or.

Input

The first line contains $A$ , $B$ , and $C$ separated by spaces. ( $0 < A, B, C \le 10^9$ )

Output

Print the computed result as a single integer on the first line.