Smaller Strings
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Count length-N palindromes over the first K letters that are lexicographically smaller than S, modulo 1e9+7.
- Level
Medium5 of 10
- Topics
- Math, String, Combinatorics, Greedy
- Solved
- No attempts yet
Problem
You are given an integer K and a string S of length N. S consists of lowercase letters from the first K letters of the English alphabet. Find the number of palindrome strings of length N that are lexicographically smaller than S and consist of lowercase letters from the first K letters of the English alphabet.
A string composed of ordered letters a1, a2, …, an is lexicographically smaller than another string of the same length b1, b2, …, bn if ai < bi, where i is the first index where characters differ in the two strings. For example, the following strings are arranged in lexicographically increasing order: aaa, aab, aba, cab.
A palindrome is a string that is the same written forwards and backwards. For example, anna, racecar, aaa and x are all palindromes, while ab, frog and yoyo are not.
As the number of such strings can be very large, print the answer modulo 109 + 7.
Input
The first line of the input gives the number of test cases, T. T test cases follow.
Each test case consists of two lines. The first line contains two integers N and K. The second line contains a string S of length N, consisting of lowercase letters.
Output
For each test case, output one line containing Case #x: y, where x is the test case number (starting from 1) and y is the number of lexicographically smaller palindrome strings modulo 109 + 7.
Limits
- 1 ≤ T ≤ 100.
- The string S consists of lowercase letters from the first K letters of the English alphabet.
Hint
In Sample Case #1, the palindromes are ["aa", "bb"].
In Sample Case #2, the palindromes are ["aaaaa", "aabaa", "aacaa", "aadaa", "aaeaa", "ababa", "abbba", "abcba"].
In Sample Case #3, the palindromes are ["a", "b", "c"].