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Smaller Strings

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Memory limit1024 MB

Summary
Count length-N palindromes over the first K letters that are lexicographically smaller than S, modulo 1e9+7.
Level

Medium5 of 10

Topics
Math, String, Combinatorics, Greedy
Solved
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Problem

You are given an integer K and a string S of length N. S consists of lowercase letters from the first K letters of the English alphabet. Find the number of palindrome strings of length N that are lexicographically smaller than S and consist of lowercase letters from the first K letters of the English alphabet.

A string composed of ordered letters a1, a2, …, an is lexicographically smaller than another string of the same length b1, b2, …, bn if ai < bi, where i is the first index where characters differ in the two strings. For example, the following strings are arranged in lexicographically increasing order: aaa, aab, aba, cab.

A palindrome is a string that is the same written forwards and backwards. For example, anna, racecar, aaa and x are all palindromes, while ab, frog and yoyo are not.

As the number of such strings can be very large, print the answer modulo 109 + 7.

Input

The first line of the input gives the number of test cases, T. T test cases follow.

Each test case consists of two lines. The first line contains two integers N and K. The second line contains a string S of length N, consisting of lowercase letters.

Output

For each test case, output one line containing Case #x: y, where x is the test case number (starting from 1) and y is the number of lexicographically smaller palindrome strings modulo 109 + 7.

Limits

  • 1 ≤ T ≤ 100.
  • The string S consists of lowercase letters from the first K letters of the English alphabet.

Hint

In Sample Case #1, the palindromes are ["aa", "bb"].

In Sample Case #2, the palindromes are ["aaaaa", "aabaa", "aacaa", "aadaa", "aaeaa", "ababa", "abbba", "abcba"].

In Sample Case #3, the palindromes are ["a", "b", "c"].

Examples1

  1. Example 1

    Input
    3
    2 3
    bc
    5 5
    abcdd
    1 5
    d
    
    Expected output
    Case #1: 2
    Case #2: 8
    Case #3: 3