Jaccard Distance
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Jaccard Distance is a measure used to quantify the dissimilarity between two sets. It is derived from the Jaccard index (also known as the Jaccard similarity coefficient), which measures the similarity between finite sample sets. The Jaccard index is calculated as the size of the intersection divided by the size of the union of the sample sets.
The Jaccard Distance, which quantifies how dissimilar two sets are, is calculated as the complement of the Jaccard index. It is defined as:
Or, in terms of set notation:
where:
- and are two sets,
- is the size of the intersection of the sets and , and
- is the size of the union of the sets and .
The Jaccard Distance ranges from 0 to 1, where 0 indicates that the sets are identical, and 1 indicates that the sets have no elements in common. This measure is widely used in various fields such as computational biology, information retrieval, and machine learning, particularly in clustering and similarity measurement tasks.
Jaccard ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ๋ ์งํฉ ๊ฐ์ ๋ถ์ผ์น๋ฅผ ์ ๋ํํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ์ฌ์ฉ๋๋ ์ฒ๋๋ค. ์ด๋ ์ ํ ์ํ ์งํฉ ๊ฐ์ ์ ์ฌ์ฑ์ ์ธก์ ํ๋ Jaccard ์ง์(๋๋ Jaccard ์ ์ฌ์ฑ ๊ณ์)์์ ํ์๋๋ค. Jaccard ์ง์๋ ์ํ ์งํฉ์ ๊ต์งํฉ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํฉ์งํฉ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ก ๋๋ ๊ฐ์ผ๋ก ๊ณ์ฐ๋๋ค.
๋ ์งํฉ์ด ์ผ๋ง๋ ๋ค๋ฅธ์ง๋ฅผ ์ ๋ํํ๋ Jaccard ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ Jaccard ์ง์์ ๋ณด์์ผ๋ก ๊ณ์ฐ๋๋ค. ์ด๋ ๋ค์๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ด ์ ์๋๋ค:
๋๋ ์งํฉ ํ๊ธฐ๋ฒ์ผ๋ก๋:
์ฌ๊ธฐ์:
- ์ ๋ ๋ ์งํฉ์ด๋ค,
- ๋ ์งํฉ ์ ์ ๊ต์งํฉ ํฌ๊ธฐ์ด๋ฉฐ,
- ๋ ์งํฉ ์ ์ ํฉ์งํฉ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ค.
Jaccard ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ 0์์ 1 ์ฌ์ด์ ๋ฒ์๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ง๋ฉฐ, 0์ ์งํฉ์ด ๋์ผํจ์, 1์ ์งํฉ์ด ๊ณตํต์ ์์๊ฐ ์์์ ๋ํ๋ธ๋ค. ์ด ์ฒ๋๋ ๊ณ์ฐ ์๋ฌผํ, ์ ๋ณด ๊ฒ์, ๊ธฐ๊ณ ํ์ต ๋ฑ ๋ค์ํ ๋ถ์ผ์์ ๋๋ฆฌ ์ฌ์ฉ๋๋ฉฐ, ํนํ ํด๋ฌ์คํฐ๋ง๊ณผ ์ ์ฌ์ฑ ์ธก์ ์์ ์์ ์ค์ํ๊ฒ ์ฌ์ฉ๋๋ค.