Alexander I
- Alexander I's reign is often associated with the Napoleonic Wars and the Congress of Vienna.
- Alexander's alliances with Western European powers and his participation in the Congress of Vienna helped modernize Russia and make it more like Western Europe.
- Alexander established a new legal code, encouraged education and the arts, and reformed the military.
- Alexander's policies of Westernization were detrimental to Russia's unique cultural identity.
- His policies often favored the nobility over the peasantry, which led to social inequality.
- His policies of censorship and suppression of dissenting voices undermined the development of Russian culture and society.