Ratio TestIn Probability, L≡limn→∞∣an+1an∣L \equiv \lim_{n \to \infty} |{a_{n+1} \over a_n}|L≡n→∞lim∣anan+1∣ $L < 1$: Series converges absolutely. $L > 1$: Series diverges. $L = 1$: Test fails.