Memory Wall

Computer Systems
Processor speed increased by 55% every year.
- $\log(2) \over \log(1.55)$ gives $1.58$ , aligning with the Moore's Law.
Memory speed increased by 7% every year.
Latency gets higher and higher between the processor and memory
Solution with Latency and Throughput
- Improve Latency
  - Improve the speed of memory itself (hard!)
  - Put memory closer to the processor or within the processor.
- Improve Throughput
  - Organize more efficiently
  - Hierarchy of Memories
  - Principles of Locality